Direct modulation of a laser 1 has always been used in optical telecommunications. Although distance–capacity product capabilities using this approach have been limited, it represents a very ...

Traditional acousto-optic (AO) devices based on bulk crystal materials have weak energy confinement abilities for both photons and phonons, leading to a low AO interaction strength. Compared with bulk ...

Due to materials realities and device physics, it’s challenging to develop high-performance optical transceiver functions on standard CMOS processes, but the potential benefits of such photonic ...

The ever-increasing demand for more bandwidth to the home, office, and mobile devices is driving the deployment of 40G optical communications systems. Beginning in 2006, major carriers began deploying ...

If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.