Flow reversal in piping systems can degrade equipment performance and cause significant water hammer, potentially resulting in catastrophic failure. Power plant condenser cooling water systems—or ...

A properly designed pump network is critical to the success of any hydronic mechanical system. Using rules of thumb and general principles is a good starting point when designing the layout of a ...

Last month I discussed the niche business of troubleshooting and the pertinent things to do in preparation of the data collection, data analysis, and eventually the potential solution(s) plan. This ...

Modern civilization depends on the transport of liquid and gases in systems of pipes, just as humans depend on the transport of blood through arteries and veins 1. As fluids move through pipes, they ...