Understand how multiple layers of gene regulation shape cell function and development. Explore DNA and chromatin modifications, transcriptional regulation, and the influence of transcription …

Summary: DNA is divided up into functional units called genes, which may specify polypeptides (proteins and protein subunits) or functional RNAs (such as tRNAs and rRNAs). Information …

Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA …

Allolactose is an example of an inducer, a small molecule that triggers expression of a gene or operon. The lac operon is considered an inducible operon because it is usually turned off …

For example, for the cystic fibrosis gene therapy trial, researchers used DNA manipulation techniques to insert the chloride channel gene into a piece of carrier DNA (a vector) that …

For example, it might be a gene whose function a researcher wants to understand, or a genetic marker used by forensic scientists to match crime scene DNA with suspects. Typically, the …

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Why does fast and inexpensive sequencing matter? The ability to routinely sequence genomes opens new possibilities for biology research and biomedical applications. For example, low …

Now, you want to check and see whether your PCR worked, or whether your plasmid has the right gene in it. What technique can you use to visualize (directly observe) the fragments of DNA?

Why use Shine-Dalgarno sequences? Bacterial genes are often transcribed in groups (called operons), so one bacterial mRNA can contain the coding sequences for several genes. A …